Just 1 thing, I know the answers to all of these questions but I use the links (Marked by being underlined) to help explaining.
1. Because those are the basic rules of the game. Just like you can't treat a King as a Queen with Chess.
2. Basic Rules, nothing more
3. 1st of all, it is Inherent, not Incoherent.
- Coherent means that the summon is done by a card effect like that of monster reborn or Call of the Haunted and a Coherent summon starts a chain as CL 1.
- An Inherent summon is a summon that does not start a chain. Examples of this are Normal summons, Flip Summons and summons done through a Condition (Not an effect!!) like that of Black Luster Soldier - Envoy of the Beginning and cyber Dragon.
4. Yes you can, since the card "Question" does not specify a certain level(s).
5. A monster that is Semi-Nomi can only be special summoned through other card effects if it first has been summoned through its summoning condition.
For example, it has been sent to the graveyard by "Hand Destruction", then it cannot be summoned by Question, since it has not been summoned through its own condition first.
6. Ask your questions more detailed -.-" Did your opponent get it right or not?
I assume he got it wrong and you want to special summon the monster..
If the monster is a Nomi like Aztekipede, You won't be able to summon it.
If it is a Semi-Nomi, then I will refer you to the answer of question 5.
Any other case will result in a special summon. (Please keep in mind that Fusion/Synchro/XYZ monsters are Semi-Nomi. Meaning that they need to be Fusion/Synchro/XYZ - summoned before they can be special summoned by other card effects unless you have a card that special summons an Extra-deck monster from the Extra-deck (e.g. Starlight Road))
7. Geartown's special summoning effect misses the timing if it is destroyed when another Field Spell is activated.
Bottomless Trap Hole and Starlight Road have to be chained DIRECTLY to the summoning/effect. If something else is activated in direct response to the summoning/effect, cards like BTH/Starlight Road cannot be activated and people often refer it as Missing The Timing while it is not exactly the same.
8. SEGOC happens when 2 or more effects want to activate at the same time. For example: "Dark Diviner" destroys a "Shooting Quasar Dragon". The effect of sending the top 3 cards from the opponent's deck to the graveyard AND the effect of summoning a "Shooting Star Dragon" want to activate at the same time. In this case SEGOC happens. Since Dark Diviner can only destroy SQD if it attacks, the Dark Diviner is controlled by the TURN PLAYER. Even if it wasn't, Dark Diviner would trigger before SQD does because it has a MANDATORY effect. It is too much to explain so I will refer you to that link at the start of this answer.
But anyway, Dark Diviner CL 1 (it triggers first), SQD CL 2 (it triggers after Diviner does). So you would first Special Summon Shooting Star and after that you mill 3 cards. A Chain resolves backwards.
9. Targetting means that you select a card(s) for an effect to resolve on those cards when the effect is ACTIVATED. If you select the cards when the effect RESOLVES, you do not target. Card effects like that of Trishula do not target because the cards that are affected by this effect are chosen when the effect resolves.
But almost all the cards in the TCG are getting reprints because of Problem Solving Cardtext. If a new card or a reprinted card targets, it will be denoted with this ";".
10. Too fcking much to explain so just read this shit.
11. Most costs were defined by this wording: "Do a certain thing TO resolve this effect"
If something looked like a cost but was an effect instead, they replaced the TO with the word AND (for example with "Trance Archefiend").
But just as with targetting, costs will be denoted with a ";" sign in new and reprinted cards to avoid confusions.
12. No.
13. MST vs Stardust Dragon. Ask your questions with more detail cuz I am too lazy to fill in the questions myself P_P
14. Using a card that says "Negate the summon of a monster."
15. The player of whom the "Sangan" card belongs to.
16. Ignoring this question because it is not a question P_P
17. Solemn Warning negates the activation of a card that special summons a monster. There are cards that do not special summon a monster on theire initial activation like "Valhalla, Hall of the Fallen" or "Geartown" but do include an effect of special summoning a monster.
Cards like "Monster Reborn" summon a monster when activated. If a Card does summon a monster, but it is not when the card is activated, then it is an effect that Special Summons a monster.
18. Nice question P_P
19. Your mom.
Grimmy you're an anus. Can't believe I wasted more than half an hour on typing this.
If you think any1 of my answers is wrong, then you are wrong, cuz they are right.
Trust me, I'm anus P_P
Subject: Answer all my questions and I'll give you a plus 1 reputation! 
